DOMAINEXTERNAL STAGE (6 and under)
Moralization of Attachment
Bedrock value: connectedness
Mutual affection and caring establishes parent-child relationship as primary, powerful, and permanent. Security-empathy-oughtness bond engenders trust and trust-worthiness.
Moral-emotional
Responsiveness
Bedrock value: harmony
Emotions are modulated around a baseline state of am good-feel good. Moral teaching arouses fear-related emotions associated with harm and trouble as well as pleasant emotions associated with pleasing parents.
Wrongdoing quickly righted with desire to return to play.
Moral Valuation
Authority-derived
Peer-derived
Self-derived
Bedrock value: balance
Value-sensitive routines are learned, fostering
compliance
cooperative play
pride in basic goodness
Moral
Volition
Bedrock value: autonomy
A commitment to restraint is chosen.
Impish pleasure is restrained.
Conceptualization
Bedrock value:
meaning
To be good means doing what parents say.
To be bad means getting in trouble.

DOMAINBRAIN-HEART STAGE (ages seven to eleven)
Moralization of Attachment
Bedrock value: connectedness
Moral attachment is strengthened through parent reinforcement of rules. Positive reinforcement includes affection, praise, and priveleges. Parents also use anger, limit setting, time outs, grounding, spanking, and withdrawal of affection or priveleges. Other adults, especially teachers, strengthen the power of moral attachment as extenders of parent authority.
Moral-emotional
Responsiveness
Bedrock value: harmony
Sensitivity to displeasing. Moral anxiety over secret misdeads. Anticipatory anxiety used to prevent moral mistakes. Discovery of moral mood. Compliance and pleasing insure a good mood. Psychophysiological awareness at surface of body. Reparation and healing involve more steps.
Moral Valuation
Authority-derived
Peer-derived
Self-derived
Bedrock value: balance
Value-sensitive rules are deduced from parent-prescribed routines and other moral learning situations. Internalized values include
rule referencing
reciprocal exactness in fairness and caring
skill development, including social skills
Moral
Volition
Bedrock value: autonomy
Commitment to mastery and sufficiency. Rules are interpreted rigidly.
Conceptualization
Bedrock value:
meaning
Inside me, my brain lets me know about right and wrong. My parents give it rules for me to live by. My feelings also let me know when I have done wrong.

DOMAINPERSONIFIED STAGE (ages twelve to thirteen)
Moralization of Attachment
Bedrock value: connectedness
Moralization of attachment is strengthened through older child's understanding of parenting role and its responsibilities. Parent discipline is affirmed as a right and a duty. Basis of parent power is experience, wisdom, and responsibility. Parent authority has been internalized. Dialogues of disagreement may occur without break in security-empathy-oughtness bond.
Moral-emotional
Responsiveness
Bedrock value: harmony
Development of short-term depressive symptoms over wrongdoing. Morally associated psychophysiological responses noted in interiour of body. Reparative processes involve systained sorrow, desire to process wrong doing with outside party, and desire to seek advice. Healing involves soliture, listening to music, reading, talking to friends, showing affection.
Moral Valuation

Authority-derived
Peer-derived
Self-derived
Bedrock value: balance

Realization that value-sensitive rules are embedded in the context of relationships. Such rules value
trust in authority
initiating fairness and caring with peers
examining context in rule choice
Moral
Volition
Bedrock value: autonomy
Commitment to virtuous striving.
Conceptualization
Bedrock value:
meaning
My conscience is like a little someone within me that informs, guides, chides, and encourages me to be a better person.

DOMAINCONFUSED STAGE (ages fourteen to fifteen)
Moralization of Attachment
Bedrock value: connectedness
Episodic devaluation of parents' and other authority figures' ideas, interspersed with sharply contrasting idealization. Other adults may be seen as idols. Strength of security-empathy-oughtness bond fosters a mostly compliant and respectful attitude, in spite of episodic devaluation. Parents provide moral staying power during the individuation process.
Moral-emotional
Responsiveness
Bedrock value: harmony
Sensitivity to subtle forms of psychological exposure. Taking a moral stand creates anxiety. Strong peaks and valleys in mood associated with moral success or wrongdoing. Nagging thoughts, empty feeling, moodiness, desire for solitude, irritability, tearfulness, and decreased social or academic performance. Spurts of energy take on healing value.
Moral Valuation


Authority-derived
Peer-derived
Self-derived
Bedrock value: balance

Requirement to deal with dissonance and competition between values of peer group and popular culture versus values derived from authority. Emerging values depend on
Idealized role models
Achieving positive results from conflict resolution and cooperation
Find one's true self
Moral
Volition
Bedrock value: autonomy
Commitment to ideals.
Conceptualization
Bedrock value:
meaning
My conscience is a mixed up entity inside me. Sometimes it helps me and sometimes it doesn't. It doesn't know everything. I have a lot to sort out.

DOMAININTEGRATING STAGE (ages sixteen and older)
Moralization of Attachment
Bedrock value: connectedness
Security-empathy-oughtness bond allows maintenance of respect for parents in spite of ambivalent feelings about rearing practices. Role of trustworthy adult is played out with younger children and siblings. Thoughts occur about the future parenting role.
Moral-emotional
Responsiveness
Bedrock value: harmony
Development of moral peace and courage through mastery of anxiety. Searches personal emotional responses for associated moral features. Recognizes that some reparation may never be complete. Feelings of tolerance toward self and others emerge.
Moral Valuation
Authority-derived
Peer-derived



Self-derived
Bedrock value: balance

Realization that no rule applies to every situation. One must live with ones convictions. Emerging values include
respect for hierarchy in any social organization
liberation from peer pressure; appreciation of interconnectedness of humankind; concern for larger community
respect for one's future progeny
Moral
Volition
Bedrock value: autonomy
Commitment to individual responsibility.
Conceptualization
Bedrock value:
meaning
My conscious is